2.5. 附加特征Diacritics

清化
Voiceless
浊化
Voiced
更圆
More rounded
略展
Less rounded
偏前
Advanced
偏后
Retracted
央化
Centralized
中央
Mid-Centralized
f>g>o>u>e>c>v>x>
送气
Aspirated
气声
Breathy voiced
嘎裂
Creaky Voiced
舌唇
Linguolabial
唇化
Libialized
腭化
Palatalized
软腭
Velarized
咽化
Pharyngealized
hh>h’>w>wjx’><>
偏高
Raised
偏低
Lowered
舌根偏前
Advanced Tongue Root
舌根偏后
Retracted Tongue Root
齿化
Dental
舌尖
Apical
舌叶
Laminal
更卷
Rhoticity
i>a>y>j>d>r>s>l’>
鼻化
Nasalized
鼻除阻
Nasal release
边除阻
Lateral release
无闻除阻
No audible release
p脱落
p lost
t脱落
t lost
k脱落
k lost
紧张
tense
m>n>l>z>p>t>k>0

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